Friday Factoids Catch-Up: Exposure to Violence

Unfortunately, exposure to acts of violence has become all too common. Adults as well as children can be affected by the media information streaming into our homes after yet another act of terrorism or violence scrolls across our electric windows to the world. I think that we underestimate the impact of our exposure as a whole to these events via media.
 
 
The information age has resulted in real time coverage of some violent events as they unfold. As a survivor of trauma, observing the public reaction to media when these events occur has become of interest to me. I observe a response that looks like a unique group form of the “fight or flight” response. I am concerned about how the long term effects of these frequent exposures and responses might manifest. We know very little about how the public as a group reacts to repeated exposure to violence.
 
 
I do not think that the same physiological intensity comes into play with violent media exposure because we identify the event as not an IMMEDIATE threat. However, we are more frequently exposed to violent events through the media. Learning about an event can produce traumatic stress. The immediate reaction to many media stories seems to be one of interest or curiosity in the event. We want to gather all the facts we can about the event that has caught out attention. I feel it is a part of why our attention is quickly drawn into seeing violent events on screen. It is important to our survival to be able to quickly identify danger in our environment. The computer screen provides an element of separation from the event, which is a part of why I think we become less likely to have the same strong physiological response as if we were a part of the actual event.
 
 
Watching the violent media event seems to induce enough of a fear response for people to want to fight. Our fight response is not fulfilled by just watching the media event but wants to “do” something. This may turn into positive “fights” like advocacy for the event victims or donations to charities. An example of this was demonstrated after the 9/11 attacks. Donations flowed into the Red Cross and other charitable organizations related to this tragedy. People lined up for blocks to donate blood to ensure resources would be available for those injured during the attack. Other times it seems our fight reactions bring out some of our less desirable traits as human beings. Prejudice against Muslims and those assumed to be of Middle Eastern origin developed and continues to increase. Retaliatory attacks and acts of war were carried out in a very tangible example of fighting. Those answering the 9/11 fight response were not at ground zero but exposed by media and information given to them.
 
 
I think the flight response takes its own form in our reactions to at large violence as well. At one time it was simple to turn off the TV and not have yourself or children exposed to unfolding violent events. This is not realistic in our current world of instant information availability. If we know we cannot win a fight, we will try to escape. I think that we do not truly appreciate the effect of the current lack of this ability to escape from violent events. A dripping faucet will eventually fill a bathtub, but not as quickly as a sudden opening of the faucet. A drip is more difficult to notice at first and I think constant drips of fear from violent events cannot be escaped in the information age. When an animal or a human cannot escape, they adapt to the threat. This again seems to be able to take both positive and negative forms on our human group as a whole. Adaptation to violence by being appropriately vigilant and not hypervigilant can prove helpful. Children and adults seem comforted by the presence of an emergency plan even if it is never used. Many emergency plans for dealing with violence have been put into place with the increase in mass shootings and terroristic acts. Changes in airport security may be another example of adaptation. I think in some of the more negative manifestations adaptation in this situation could prove to decrease our empathy for those involved in the tragedies we see unfolding. We accept the higher levels and more frequent violent events as a part of our modern society, in other words we just blindly accept that the violence is here. That it cannot be changed. Apathy may produce depression in an individual but in the group it seems to create dangerous stagnation.
 
 
I think that as a group we could do more to limit the real time coverage of violent events to help stem the “drips” that come into our tub constantly without notice. Unfortunately our inaction to decrease this flow seems apathetic. Making a stronger push for our positive fighting mechanisms that we have in fact demonstrated could help us develop solutions to unwanted violent media exposure.
 
 
Rain Blohm, MS
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

Living with Mental Wellness

I have a group about living with mental illness on Wednesdays, and as a group, we decided to rename it to “Living with Mental Wellness.”  One of the things we discussed was taking the power away from our mental illnesses.  In the beginning, before, during, and right after diagnosis, mental illness can hijack our very existence.  We are basically just existing.  It is a routine of doctors’ visits, runs to the pharmacy, therapy, victories, and failures…lots of failures.

 

Once the medicine is balanced and a person is satisfied with his or her doctor, what comes next?  A person has been going to therapy a while, the medicine seems to be working, and overall, he or she is doing much better.  There are only so many hours a person can watch television without falling back into depression.  What was once time spent struggling to be healthy, is now a bunch of empty time, and the individual has no idea what to do, except isolate.

 

There comes a time, however, when it is possible to find that one thing that releases us.  To one man in the group, it was his grandson.  After his grandson was born, he found he had a reason to work harder toward making healthy choices.  Others in the group didn’t share exactly what their one thing was.  Maybe they didn’t have one yet.   It doesn’t have to be a person.  It doesn’t have to be a job.  It can be a pet.  It can be volunteering for a non-profit organization.  It could just be something like singing in the church choir.  If a person living with a mental illness can find something to fill all the square footage in their lives that the mental illness used to rent space in, changes can happen.

 

Rebecca Coursey, KPS
Peer Support Specialist

 

 

Surviving Match: Personal Stories

 

 

While reflecting back on the internship match process, a lot of mixed emotions surfaced like anger, anxiety, sadness, acceptance, and elation. Sounds a lot like the five stages of grief because that is exactly what it felt like, being rejected the first time.

 

Not getting matched is the worst imaginable outcome for any psychology student. “The Match” is a horrible process to go through once and the idea of going through it twice is daunting. So much time is spent planning, writing, reviewing, redrafting, and rewriting essays. Then after spending weeks or months of selecting the ultimate internship list you have enough hope to charge your credit card over and over and over again. Hoping and waiting to hear back from the sites you are really interested in for internship. But one by one they slip through your fingers. Self-doubt and negativity begin to set in. You start to question your competency and think about what you could have done differently. Unfortunately, after going through all the rounds of the match process it began to set in that I will have to reapply for next year.

 

Goodness of fit was my most important factor for selecting the right internship. It was difficult to imagine selecting an internship that would cause me misery for one year. There were some sites I interviewed at the first time and did not even rank them because I knew it was not a good fit for my style of learning or career goals. The idea of waiting another year was devastating. It felt like I was being left behind while friends moved on with their careers and I was just stuck. It was embarrassing to tell people that I did not match and I wanted to forget it even happened.  Then it hit me that in only a few months the process begins again. There was little time to sulk and mentally process what just happened. My advice for all future applicants is to be prepared and feel confident to not rank less than ideal sites even if that means waiting another year. It was worth the wait for me!

 

To prepare for attempt No. 2, I asked my friends’ internship directors to review my essays and CV for feedback. I examined clinical areas to improve and gain further experience.  A lot of time was spent talking with my previous practicum supervisors for emotional support and keep them updated with my progress of reapplying for internship. Not only was I relying on others for support but I was also engaging in a lot of positive self-talk. Time was spent reminding myself that students go through this process two or even three times and they still become successful psychologists. I had to keep pushing myself forward and have a positive outlook on my future. It took me a while, but I realized waiting one more year was not the end of the world.

 

Before I knew it, the next round of coordinating flights, hotels, car rentals, and hoping to avoid disastrous weather began. When scheduling flights I made sure to avoid certain airports that are notorious for delays during bad winter weather (I’m looking at you Chicago). Due to scheduling conflicts, I had to decide which internship sites to decline their invitation to interview. Luckily some of the interviews were in December or spaced a week apart in January. However, during my most busy week, I had three interviews in four days.

 

For the first interview, I flew into a major city then drove three hours to a very small town during an ice storm. After the interview was over I hopped in the car and drove across the state to my second interview for the next day. As a note, while you fly and drive to interviews the only food you really eat is unhealthy fast food especially if you are in small towns. It was nice that this second interview site took the applicants out to a restaurant for lunch. I made sure to order the healthiest item on the menu and man was that not the best tasting broccoli I have ever had! After the second interview, I had to wake up the next morning at 3:00am to catch a flight because my next interview was in the afternoon that same day. I needed to walk off the plane and be prepared for the interview because there was no time to check into a hotel and get ready. If my flight was delayed or if there was an accident on the highway then I would have likely been late for the interview. Everything had to be timed perfectly. When I reached my final interview I was actually in a lot of physical pain. The back of my legs were sore from sitting in Planes, Interviews, and Automobiles. It was painful to sit so I stood and stretched while waiting to be interviewed. After a physically and emotionally draining week it was finally over.

 

Some consider ranking the sites to be the most stressful aspect of The Match. It is almost like a mind game of guessing where each site will rank you and trying to be strategic with each site. There is a big deal made about being accepted to an APA-Accredited site versus Non-APA. In a perfect world the only things that should matter are our clinical, personal, and professional skills. It is a ridiculous process but in the end everything will work itself out. Personally, I was more concerned about ranking sites based on goodness of fit rather than accreditation status. Leave the mind games out of the equation! Ask yourself if you can work at a site for one year or even longer. Would you be able to build a positive and effective relationship with the supervisors? Will an internship provide new experiences? Will you feel a part of a supportive and collaborative team or will you be a work horse?

 

During this whole process, it is important to stay calm and not allow distractions spill into the interview. Everyone will have some sort of “horror story” about their travels and interviews. While you are interviewing, the outside world does not exist and you should not worry about the next adventure. It is not only important to mentally and emotionally prepare yourself for interviews but also physically, as I had learned. Be sure to exercise, stretch, and find time for healthier food options. You will spend countless hours reviewing each interview site trying to come up with the best answers for potential questions you may be asked. Try to relax, enjoy the process, and be yourself.

 

This is the nature of the beast that is called The Match.

 

Jonathan Torres, M.S.
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

 

 

*Director’s note:  We’re pretty sure Jon picked us because we fed him a healthy lunch… Kidding! Mostly… 🙂 We are very proud to have him, and all of our interns. Our message is as always–you will get through this, and we have faith that you, our young clinicians, will not only survive but thrive in the field. Good luck to all of you!

 

 

Friday Factoids: Sydenham’s Chorea

The link between mental illness and viral/bacterial/parasitic infections is proving to be greater than we ever imagined. Many neurological disorders are now known to be caused by infections in addition to already known genetic and other factors. Sydenham’s chorea (SD) is a neurological disorder that is produced by the bacterium that causes rheumatic fever. It is an acute symptom of rheumatic fever and in some cases the only sign that a patient is ill. SD mostly occurs in children ages 5 to 15. However, it can arise in pregnant women. It is a gender selective disorder that presents in prepubescent females more often than males.

 

SD is characterized by uncoordinated movements, muscular weakness, stumbling, falling, slurring of speech, difficulties with writing, trouble concentrating and emotional instability which can include loss of emotional control, periods of inappropriate laughing or crying and obsessive compulsive disorder. There is usually a history of the patient having a sore throat for several weeks before the onset of SD. Onset is usually rapid, however, it can be insidious meaning that symptoms can gradually develop. In these cases of slow onset, the symptoms can be present for up to five weeks before they become troublesome enough to seek medical attention. However, in some children, symptoms might not arise for 6 month after the infection and/or fever has been treated and cleared.

 

Blood testing is currently used to identify specific proteins associated with the disorder. They can also be used to detect markers that indicate an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) of rheumatic fever which is another good indication of SD.  ERS is a test that indirectly checks the level of inflammation in one’s body.

 

Treatment is fairly basic. Those who only have a mild case will be prescribed several days of bed rest. Those with more severe cases will need a medical professional to prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacterium that caused rheumatic fever. SD symptoms usually lessen and clear in several months. However, for those with severe cases, future antibiotics are usually prescribed as well. There is currently a debate as to if those who had SD should be treated with antibiotics until age 18 or for the duration of their life to prevent the return of symptoms. Additionally, in some cases, psychopharmacological drugs are prescribed with the antibiotics to help control the severity of involuntary movements, emotional outbursts and OCD behaviors.  These too, however, usually clear in several months for most cases.

 

References

Frey, R., Polsdorfer, J., “Sydenham’s chorea.” A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008, & “Sydenham’s chorea.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2015. (2005). Sydenham’s Chorea. Retrieved December 3, 2015, from  http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Sydenhams_Chorea.aspx

 

NINDS Sydenham Chorea Information Page. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2015, from  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sydenham/sydenham.htm

 

Washington, H. (2015, November 3). Catching Madness. Retrieved November 29, 2015, from  https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201511/catching-madness?collection=1081138

 

Crystal K. Bray
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

 

 

Friday Factoid: Toxoplasma Gindii

 

 

An interesting tidbit of information that recently caught this writer’s attention is the possibility that we are susceptible to psychiatric disorders stemming from parasites. That is not to say that all or even the majority of those diagnosed contracted a parasite but according to several studies it is a probability that a few may have. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the more studied parasites that has already been linked to intellectual deficiencies, prenatal brain damage, retinal damage, abnormal head size, deafness, cerebral palsy and seizures. However, many doctors, scientist and researchers believe that it can also cause schizophrenia.

 

T. gondii is a one-celled, protozoan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals including humans. All members of the cat family are currently the only known definitive host and they can shed the “eggs” for up to two weeks. Birds and mice can be secondary carriers of the parasite, however. Many humans who carry the parasite suffer no symptoms or ill effect due the body’s immune system keeping the parasite at bay. However, for a select few, the parasite can lead to toxoplasmosis. (Toxoplasma infection, 2013, January 10).

 

Several studies, including one by Dr. E. Fuller Torrey, have shown that mothers who became infected with T. gondii and essentially toxoplasmosis while they were pregnant had children with higher rates of schizophrenia in adulthood versus children of uninfected mothers. However, the most notable find discovered by Dr. Torrey was a correlation between those who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and were infected with T. gondii as children or teens. Essentially, what he identified was a link between increased incidences of schizophrenia in locations that had parks or community play areas that also had sandboxes. His explaination was that on average, 4-24 cats had been shown to use the sandboxes as a litterbox, the T. gondii eggs were shed in the feces and the children’s hands were infected while playing. (Washington, H., 2015, November 31).

 

To help support his theory, Torrey looks to history. He points out that up until about the year 1808 schizophrenia was relatively rare. However, he notes that in 1808 the prevalence of schizophrenia increased dramatically. At the same time, he also brings notice to the fact that cat ownership became progressively more popular in the United States and other areas around the world. He believes this shared surge of occurrence is much more than coincidence and that indicated that additional research should be conducted. Whether you agree or not with his insight to the increase and one probably cause to schizophrenia, one has to note it should be further explored. (Toxoplasma infection, 2013, January 10; Washington, H., 2015, November 31).

 

Work Cited

Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). (2013, January 10). Retrieved from             http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/

 

Washington, H. (2015, November 3). Catching Madness. Retrieved November 29, 2015, from  https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201511/catching-madness?collection=1081138

 

Crystal Bray
WKPIC Doctoral Intern