Friday Factoids Catch-Up: Being with A Life Until The End

I am experiencing the impending death of an elderly family member, our matriarch, my Granny. Thankfully, she will be able to pass on in peace. Our family knew what she wanted the end of her life to look like. We had very much agreed with her wishes.

 

Despite whatever differences our family may have on other fronts, we are a unified front for her now. We are sure about our decisions for her. When a doctor had come in and suggested she be transferred to a large medical center for very aggressive treatment we were able to smile and nod in understanding. Her kidneys have failed as a part of the dying process and her doctor wants to help by “fixing” this. Most of the people in the small community my Granny lived in knew her well and this doctor is no exception. He wants to do everything his training in the healing arts has given him to stop death. It is his imperative. When we were able to talk with him and describe what we knew were her wishes, he understood, but seemed defeated somehow.

 

I have worked in intensive care unit settings as a respiratory therapist prior to becoming a doctoral intern in psychology. I have assisted in brain death determinations on patients a day old to 104 years old. I have been a part of ethics committees questioning the continuation of aggressive treatment via life support. I have been in situations where a very few medical staff, usually three of us, an MD, RN, and RT, remove life support alone because a dying person’s family has fractured and no one can emotionally or physically attend the death.  I have seen and heard reactions to death by medical staff despite the denial that they are affected. Broken professionals are leading broken families at times and creating poor outcomes for dying patients.

 

What is a “poor outcome” in death? The medical community most certainly identifies death itself as a “poor outcome.” Aggressive treatment is used too often with dying patients and this is something I personally identify as a poor outcome. The message that there is still hope is easier to deliver than there is no hope. I disagree with the idea that there is no hope in the dying process itself, if it is recognized. There have been great strides made in awareness of death and dying, but too many still die in pain and with modern medicine trying valiantly to “save” them. Why? Most medical staff in intensive care units know they do not want the same measure of treatment they provide to others every day. This should provide a better guide in the care administered in these settings. The more I practiced in medical settings initiating and maintaining life support, the more times I administered care I would personally never want. This happened to most all I worked alongside regardless of religion, culture, or creed.

 

I hope at some point to be able to help other families and medical teams in providing a death like my Granny’s for others–where there is a sense of calm and not a flurry of anxious activity meant to avoid what cannot be avoided. Our family and her medical team are sitting with her calmly. There is no push to “save” a life when the proper course is to simply be with a life until its end.

 

Rain Blohm, MS
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

 

Friday Factoids Catch-Up: Exposure to Violence

Unfortunately, exposure to acts of violence has become all too common. Adults as well as children can be affected by the media information streaming into our homes after yet another act of terrorism or violence scrolls across our electric windows to the world. I think that we underestimate the impact of our exposure as a whole to these events via media.
 
 
The information age has resulted in real time coverage of some violent events as they unfold. As a survivor of trauma, observing the public reaction to media when these events occur has become of interest to me. I observe a response that looks like a unique group form of the “fight or flight” response. I am concerned about how the long term effects of these frequent exposures and responses might manifest. We know very little about how the public as a group reacts to repeated exposure to violence.
 
 
I do not think that the same physiological intensity comes into play with violent media exposure because we identify the event as not an IMMEDIATE threat. However, we are more frequently exposed to violent events through the media. Learning about an event can produce traumatic stress. The immediate reaction to many media stories seems to be one of interest or curiosity in the event. We want to gather all the facts we can about the event that has caught out attention. I feel it is a part of why our attention is quickly drawn into seeing violent events on screen. It is important to our survival to be able to quickly identify danger in our environment. The computer screen provides an element of separation from the event, which is a part of why I think we become less likely to have the same strong physiological response as if we were a part of the actual event.
 
 
Watching the violent media event seems to induce enough of a fear response for people to want to fight. Our fight response is not fulfilled by just watching the media event but wants to “do” something. This may turn into positive “fights” like advocacy for the event victims or donations to charities. An example of this was demonstrated after the 9/11 attacks. Donations flowed into the Red Cross and other charitable organizations related to this tragedy. People lined up for blocks to donate blood to ensure resources would be available for those injured during the attack. Other times it seems our fight reactions bring out some of our less desirable traits as human beings. Prejudice against Muslims and those assumed to be of Middle Eastern origin developed and continues to increase. Retaliatory attacks and acts of war were carried out in a very tangible example of fighting. Those answering the 9/11 fight response were not at ground zero but exposed by media and information given to them.
 
 
I think the flight response takes its own form in our reactions to at large violence as well. At one time it was simple to turn off the TV and not have yourself or children exposed to unfolding violent events. This is not realistic in our current world of instant information availability. If we know we cannot win a fight, we will try to escape. I think that we do not truly appreciate the effect of the current lack of this ability to escape from violent events. A dripping faucet will eventually fill a bathtub, but not as quickly as a sudden opening of the faucet. A drip is more difficult to notice at first and I think constant drips of fear from violent events cannot be escaped in the information age. When an animal or a human cannot escape, they adapt to the threat. This again seems to be able to take both positive and negative forms on our human group as a whole. Adaptation to violence by being appropriately vigilant and not hypervigilant can prove helpful. Children and adults seem comforted by the presence of an emergency plan even if it is never used. Many emergency plans for dealing with violence have been put into place with the increase in mass shootings and terroristic acts. Changes in airport security may be another example of adaptation. I think in some of the more negative manifestations adaptation in this situation could prove to decrease our empathy for those involved in the tragedies we see unfolding. We accept the higher levels and more frequent violent events as a part of our modern society, in other words we just blindly accept that the violence is here. That it cannot be changed. Apathy may produce depression in an individual but in the group it seems to create dangerous stagnation.
 
 
I think that as a group we could do more to limit the real time coverage of violent events to help stem the “drips” that come into our tub constantly without notice. Unfortunately our inaction to decrease this flow seems apathetic. Making a stronger push for our positive fighting mechanisms that we have in fact demonstrated could help us develop solutions to unwanted violent media exposure.
 
 
Rain Blohm, MS
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

Friday Factoids Catch-Up: The Holiday Blues

 

The happiest time of year can actually be quite miserable. For a select few, the months of November and December can be overwhelming, stressful, exhausting, depressing and filled with dread. The thoughts of finding the ideal gift, planning the most wonderful meal, going into debt, seeing family and all the travel are almost unbearable. All around they see bubbly people, hear upbeat music and are enthralled with cheerful advertisements of perfection (perfect family, meal, gifts) and they begin to feel even more down in the dumps, lonely, inadequate and pressured to live up to unrealistic expectations. They have the holiday blues.
 

While “holiday blues” is not a clinical diagnosis, Major Depressive Disorder is. It can often be mislabeled and/or underestimated this time of year. Depression symptoms and severity are different for each individual, so not everyone will be affected the same–but it can be debilitating for some. Here are some of the symptoms to remain aware of as clinicians, and as people who may experience these issues as well:

•           Feeling sad, down and/or blue nearly every day
•           Being abnormally irritable and/or grouchy
•           Finding it difficult to enjoy things once liked or loved
•           Changes in sleep pattern – either not enough or too much, trouble falling
asleep, trouble staying asleep, trouble getting up
•           Change in appetite – either lose weight or gain weight
•           Feeling worthless
•           Feeling guilty
•           Problems concentrating or focusing
•           Decreased energy
•           Low, sad or irritable mood
•           Thinking about or wishing to fall asleep and never wake up
•           Having actual thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
 
If you or someone you know is experiencing a combination or all of the above symptoms, then you should schedule an appointment with a mental health professional as soon as possible. If you are having thoughts of ending your life, then please tell someone immediately, call 911 or contact The National Suicide Prevention Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).  While depression can negatively affect many to most aspects of life, it is treatable. Treatment options can range from therapy, medication or a combination of the two. 350,000,000 people suffer from depression worldwide and 50% will not seek help (Holes, 2015). They continue to suffer needlessly. Help is waiting and all it takes to begin is the first call.
 
References
Holiday Anxiety and Depression: Click for Survival Tips. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2015,   from http://www.medicinenet.com/holiday_depression_and_stress/article.htm

 
Holmes, L. (2015, January 20). 11 Statistics That Will Change The Way You Think About Depression. Retrieved December 16, 2015, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/20/depression-statistics_n_6480412.html
 
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. (n.d.). Retrieved December 16, 2015, from             http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/
 
 
Crystal K. Bray
WKPIC Doctoral Intern
 

Friday Factoids: Sydenham’s Chorea

The link between mental illness and viral/bacterial/parasitic infections is proving to be greater than we ever imagined. Many neurological disorders are now known to be caused by infections in addition to already known genetic and other factors. Sydenham’s chorea (SD) is a neurological disorder that is produced by the bacterium that causes rheumatic fever. It is an acute symptom of rheumatic fever and in some cases the only sign that a patient is ill. SD mostly occurs in children ages 5 to 15. However, it can arise in pregnant women. It is a gender selective disorder that presents in prepubescent females more often than males.

 

SD is characterized by uncoordinated movements, muscular weakness, stumbling, falling, slurring of speech, difficulties with writing, trouble concentrating and emotional instability which can include loss of emotional control, periods of inappropriate laughing or crying and obsessive compulsive disorder. There is usually a history of the patient having a sore throat for several weeks before the onset of SD. Onset is usually rapid, however, it can be insidious meaning that symptoms can gradually develop. In these cases of slow onset, the symptoms can be present for up to five weeks before they become troublesome enough to seek medical attention. However, in some children, symptoms might not arise for 6 month after the infection and/or fever has been treated and cleared.

 

Blood testing is currently used to identify specific proteins associated with the disorder. They can also be used to detect markers that indicate an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ERS) of rheumatic fever which is another good indication of SD.  ERS is a test that indirectly checks the level of inflammation in one’s body.

 

Treatment is fairly basic. Those who only have a mild case will be prescribed several days of bed rest. Those with more severe cases will need a medical professional to prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacterium that caused rheumatic fever. SD symptoms usually lessen and clear in several months. However, for those with severe cases, future antibiotics are usually prescribed as well. There is currently a debate as to if those who had SD should be treated with antibiotics until age 18 or for the duration of their life to prevent the return of symptoms. Additionally, in some cases, psychopharmacological drugs are prescribed with the antibiotics to help control the severity of involuntary movements, emotional outbursts and OCD behaviors.  These too, however, usually clear in several months for most cases.

 

References

Frey, R., Polsdorfer, J., “Sydenham’s chorea.” A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008, & “Sydenham’s chorea.” The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2015. (2005). Sydenham’s Chorea. Retrieved December 3, 2015, from  http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Sydenhams_Chorea.aspx

 

NINDS Sydenham Chorea Information Page. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2015, from  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sydenham/sydenham.htm

 

Washington, H. (2015, November 3). Catching Madness. Retrieved November 29, 2015, from  https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201511/catching-madness?collection=1081138

 

Crystal K. Bray
WKPIC Doctoral Intern

 

 

Friday Factoid: Toxoplasma Gindii

 

 

An interesting tidbit of information that recently caught this writer’s attention is the possibility that we are susceptible to psychiatric disorders stemming from parasites. That is not to say that all or even the majority of those diagnosed contracted a parasite but according to several studies it is a probability that a few may have. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the more studied parasites that has already been linked to intellectual deficiencies, prenatal brain damage, retinal damage, abnormal head size, deafness, cerebral palsy and seizures. However, many doctors, scientist and researchers believe that it can also cause schizophrenia.

 

T. gondii is a one-celled, protozoan parasite that infects most warm-blooded animals including humans. All members of the cat family are currently the only known definitive host and they can shed the “eggs” for up to two weeks. Birds and mice can be secondary carriers of the parasite, however. Many humans who carry the parasite suffer no symptoms or ill effect due the body’s immune system keeping the parasite at bay. However, for a select few, the parasite can lead to toxoplasmosis. (Toxoplasma infection, 2013, January 10).

 

Several studies, including one by Dr. E. Fuller Torrey, have shown that mothers who became infected with T. gondii and essentially toxoplasmosis while they were pregnant had children with higher rates of schizophrenia in adulthood versus children of uninfected mothers. However, the most notable find discovered by Dr. Torrey was a correlation between those who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and were infected with T. gondii as children or teens. Essentially, what he identified was a link between increased incidences of schizophrenia in locations that had parks or community play areas that also had sandboxes. His explaination was that on average, 4-24 cats had been shown to use the sandboxes as a litterbox, the T. gondii eggs were shed in the feces and the children’s hands were infected while playing. (Washington, H., 2015, November 31).

 

To help support his theory, Torrey looks to history. He points out that up until about the year 1808 schizophrenia was relatively rare. However, he notes that in 1808 the prevalence of schizophrenia increased dramatically. At the same time, he also brings notice to the fact that cat ownership became progressively more popular in the United States and other areas around the world. He believes this shared surge of occurrence is much more than coincidence and that indicated that additional research should be conducted. Whether you agree or not with his insight to the increase and one probably cause to schizophrenia, one has to note it should be further explored. (Toxoplasma infection, 2013, January 10; Washington, H., 2015, November 31).

 

Work Cited

Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). (2013, January 10). Retrieved from             http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/

 

Washington, H. (2015, November 3). Catching Madness. Retrieved November 29, 2015, from  https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201511/catching-madness?collection=1081138

 

Crystal Bray
WKPIC Doctoral Intern